Identification of dibutyl phthalate in the root exudate of Fe‐efficient (corchorus capsularis L.) subjected to Fe‐deficiency stress : Its action on Fe‐chlorosis recovery

The jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) cv. 3RC‐212 which is Fe‐efficient, was subjected to Fe‐deficiency stress, and the nutrient medium was examined for chemicals, when the plants became chlorotic and the pH was lowered to about 4. While phenolic acids could not be detected, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) was identified in the extract by means of TLC and HPLC. The effect of DBP and caffeic acid was studied in JRC‐212 and DBP was found to cause recovery of the plants from chlorosis in 5 days. The chemicals, PA (phthalic acid), a derivative of DBP (50 mg/1) were supplied to chlorotic plants of JRO‐632, an Fe‐inefficient jute cultivar, and both the chemicals were effective in chlorosis recovery. PA application caused more rapid greening than DBP.

Jute is the second crop species in which DBP is identified in the root exudate. The detection of DBP was first recorded in sorghum CSH‐7.     

信阳地区菜用黄麻立枯病的发生情况及对产量的影响

为减少信阳地区菜用黄麻种植中病害的发生，达到高产稳产，提高菜麻质量的目的。该实验对本地区2011年度发生最严重的黄麻立枯病进行跟踪调查，并统计出几个品种的被害率，被害率最高达97．40％，严重影响了菜麻的产量与品质。通过分析其发生原因，提出了合理的防治方法，以期为更好的种植菜用黄麻提供依据。     

Characterisation of agro-morphological traits of corchorus accessions

The genus Corchorus includes nutrient-rich indigenous leafy vegetables often grown or harvested in the wild in Africa. It has potential to contribute to food security, but there is need to improve it as a crop through plant breeding. However, not much is known about the genetic variability among Corchorus species. The aim of this study was thus to characterise the available germplasm of Corchorus accessions and investigate heritability of their agro-morphological traits. Eleven Corchorus accessions (4 South African and 7 from the World Vegetable Center) were evaluated in a field study at Roodeplaat, South Africa, for their morpho-agronomic traits using a randomised complete block design with three replications across two seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Data were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Broad sense heritability, genetic advance, genetic parameters and correlations were determined among the accessions and traits. The Corchorus accessions showed significant (P < .05) differences in all the quantitative traits evaluated. The data showed significant variability among the studied Corchorus accessions in their agro-morphological traits for exploitation in future breeding programmes that in turn can contribute to the improvement of this crop.     

不同黄麻品种对重金属污染农田镉的富集和转移效率研究

为研究黄麻(Corchorus capsularis L.)植株对重金属污染农田中Cd的富集和转移效率,以湖南省株洲县为试验区,研究3个黄麻品种6个植株器官的干物质积累、Cd富集和转移特征。结果表明:木质部和韧皮部是黄麻植株干物质积累的主要器官;不同品种的黄麻及其器官间的Cd含量均呈显著差异,3个品种中连红黄麻各器官的Cd含量均高于闽侯红皮和黄麻179。6个植株器官中,蒴果和叶柄的Cd含量显著高于其他器官,平均值分别为4.75 mg·kg~(-1)和4.27 mg·kg~(-1),其他器官Cd含量均值从高到低依次为叶片根部木质部韧皮部;地上部器官间Cd转移效率研究表明,3个品种地上部的Cd转移系数均在1以上。Cd从木质部和韧皮部到叶柄和蒴果的转移能力较强,从根部到木质部和韧皮部、从叶柄到叶片的转移能力较弱。对黄麻Cd总富集量评估表明,连红黄麻的总富集量最高,每公顷可富集53.3 g的Cd,木质部占总富集量的33.11%～42.99%。研究表明,黄麻对中度Cd污染农田中的Cd有较高的富集和转移能力,可作为植物修复材料加以利用。     

黄麻土工布与苎麻结合控制水土流失效应的研究

覆盖黄麻土工布 ,显著提高了苎麻的出苗速度、出苗率和成活率 ,不仅有利于植被的快速建立 ,同时也有利于其群体的生长。在苎麻植被尚未建立之前 ,黄麻土工布的覆盖使坡面水土流失得到很好的控制 ,此后与苎麻结合具有十分显著的减水减沙作用。1997年和 1998年测定的盖布苎麻分别比对照减少年总径流量 61.95 % ,64.3 5 % ,减少总产沙量均为 96%。黄麻土工布使用 8个月后 ,在 1.0 mm/ min人工降雨条件下测定 ,盖布苎麻比对照推迟产流时间 9m in4 9s,减少累计径流量 95 .5 8% ,减少累计产沙量 99.98%。     

黄麻应用核心种质的DNA分子身份证构建

构建并研究黄麻应用核心种质是促进黄麻遗传育种和挖掘优异基因的必要途径。在300份黄麻种质资源的农艺性状观察统计基础上,构建了黄麻应用核心种质,包含61份品种(系),可划分为高产、优质、抗病等16种应用类型。为准确鉴定这61份应用核心种质,以46对核心引物为基础,筛选出12对荧光核心引物,采用荧光标记毛细管电泳分析这12对引物的多态性,共检测出140个多态性位点。将毛细管电泳得到的分子量数据以数字+英文字母方式编码,选取了12对荧光核心引物的组合,构建出该应用核心种质的字符串DNA分子身份证,进而构建了相应的条形码和二维码DNA分子身份证,可迅速被电子设备识别。这些结果可促进黄麻种质资源的高效利用及快速分子鉴定。     

黄麻生物脱胶研究进展

脱胶是黄麻纤维加工过程中基础而又关键的工序,脱胶的效果会直接影响黄麻麻纤维的品质和利用价值.综述了黄麻生物脱胶研究的发展现状和前景,并针对黄麻生物脱胶技术存在的诸多问题,提出了黄麻生物脱胶研究中急需开展的几项工作.     

土工布在旧水泥混凝土路面补强中的应用

分析旧路补强的原理及补强方法，就土工布应用特性作一介绍，使用专用土工布能有效减缓沥青混凝土面层反射开裂。     

恢复黄麻生产 开发黄麻新产品

黄麻在我国具有近千年种植历史，尽管作为传统包装材料使用正居于次要地位，但由于黄麻纤维具有优质、可降解特性，我国麻纺科技人员及企业正在开发新产品，如高支黄麻纱、布；黄麻／棉、黄麻／化纤、黄麻／羊毛、黄麻／丝等混纺高档产品，以及汽车、装饰等产业用品。许多企业正呼吁恢复我国黄麻种植，以减少对孟加拉进口黄麻的依赖。     

黄麻纤维的形态结构及组分研究现状

对黄麻纤维的形态、微观结构和化学成分的研究现状进行了综述，介绍了黄麻工艺纤维中木质素和半纤维素对工艺纤维力学性质作用机理的猜测以及细胞间质成分的争论。并讨论了黄麻工艺纤维加工中的主要影响因素之一——细胞间质成分，及其他尚未解决的问题。